@font-face{font-family:Barlow;src:url('/assets/Barlow-Regular.woff2') format('woff2');font-weight:400;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:Barlow;src:url('/assets/Barlow-SemiBold.woff2') format('woff2');font-weight:600 800;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:BarlowCondensed;src:url('/assets/BarlowCondensed-SemiBold.woff2') format('woff2');font-weight:600 800;font-display:swap}
:root{--paper:#f6f8f9;--white:#fff;--ink:#19272b;--muted:#52666d;--orange:#c84729;--line:#b9c8cd;--ice:#e5eef2;--blue:#cfdee5;--font:Barlow,Arial,sans-serif;--display:BarlowCondensed,'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;--wrap:1280px}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:28px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:18px/1.6 var(--font);text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;overflow-wrap:break-word}a{color:inherit;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:4px}a:hover{color:var(--orange)}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,select:focus-visible,[tabindex]:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--orange);outline-offset:5px}button,input,select{font:inherit}button,a,summary,input,select{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}button,summary{cursor:pointer}svg{display:block;flex:none}img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}figure{margin:28px 0}figcaption,.source-line{font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted)}figcaption{margin-top:18px}h1,h2,h3,h4{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:600;line-height:1.05;margin:0 0 20px;letter-spacing:-.015em}h1{text-wrap:balance}h2{font-size:clamp(38px,4.2vw,60px)}h3{font-size:30px}p{margin:0 0 20px}ul,ol{padding-left:24px}li{padding-left:4px;margin-bottom:12px}small{font-size:14px}b,strong{font-weight:600}svg text{font:14px var(--font)}.wrap{width:calc(100% - 96px);max-width:var(--wrap);margin-inline:auto}.reading-width{max-width:780px}.skip{position:fixed;left:20px;top:-100px;background:var(--ink);color:white;padding:14px;z-index:10}.skip:focus{top:10px}.site-header{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper)}.header-inner{min-height:94px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:32px}.brand{text-decoration:none;font:italic 600 36px/.95 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.025em;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;padding-bottom:12px}.brand:after{content:'';position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;width:55px;height:4px;background:var(--orange)}.desktop-nav{display:flex;gap:28px;align-items:center}.desktop-nav a{text-decoration:none;font-size:16px;line-height:1.25;padding:14px 0}.desktop-nav a[aria-current]{color:var(--orange);border-bottom:2px solid}.mobile-nav{display:none}
.hero{padding-top:50px;padding-bottom:30px}.hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;align-items:center;gap:40px}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(56px,5.3vw,80px);line-height:.99;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin-bottom:28px;text-wrap:initial}.lede{font-size:22px;line-height:1.45;max-width:540px;margin-bottom:30px}.hero-art{margin:0}.hero-art img{aspect-ratio:1.12;object-fit:cover;object-position:right center}.hero-art figcaption{font-size:12px;margin:9px 0 0}.actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px;flex-wrap:wrap}.button,button[type=submit]{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:20px;background:var(--orange);border:1px solid var(--orange);color:white;padding:16px 22px;min-height:52px;font-family:var(--display);font-size:22px;line-height:1.2;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;border-radius:2px}.button:hover,button[type=submit]:hover{background:#a33820;color:white}.button svg,.text-link svg,button svg,.route-list svg{width:22px;height:22px;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.7;fill:none}.text-link{display:inline-flex;gap:14px;align-items:center;font-weight:600;font-size:17px;text-decoration:underline}.readout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:35px 0 14px;padding:26px 0;gap:32px}.readout>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;column-gap:24px;align-items:center}.readout>div+div{border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:32px}.readout dd{margin:0;grid-row:1/3;grid-column:1;font:600 76px/.9 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.04em;color:var(--orange)}.readout dt{font:600 24px/1.1 var(--display);grid-column:2}.readout p{font-size:15px;margin:5px 0 0;grid-column:2;color:var(--muted)}.hero>.source-line{margin:0}
.section{padding-top:84px;padding-bottom:84px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.section-intro{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;gap:32px;margin-bottom:36px}.section-intro h2{margin-bottom:12px;max-width:870px}.section-intro p{margin:0;color:var(--muted)}.section-note{font:600 18px/1.3 var(--display);text-align:right;flex:none}.tool-section{padding:64px 0 74px;background:#edf2f4;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.quick-answer{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 2fr;gap:40px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:24px;margin-bottom:30px}.quick-answer h3{font-size:27px}.quick-answer p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.55;margin:0}.tool-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:43% 57%;background:white;border-top:2px solid var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.tool-form{padding:36px;min-width:0}.tool-form h3{font-size:34px;margin-bottom:30px}.field{display:block;margin:0 0 24px}.field>span,legend{font-size:16px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.4}.field>span{display:block;margin-bottom:8px}.field em{font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:var(--muted)}.field small,fieldset small{display:block;color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;line-height:1.4;margin-top:8px}.field input,.field select{display:block;width:100%;max-width:100%;min-width:0;min-height:50px;border:1px solid #81959c;border-radius:2px;background:var(--white);padding:11px 12px;color:var(--ink);font-size:18px}.field select{font-size:16px;padding-right:24px}.field input[aria-invalid],.field select[aria-invalid],fieldset[aria-invalid]{border-color:var(--orange);outline:1px solid var(--orange)}fieldset{min-width:0;padding:0;border:0;margin:0 0 24px}legend{padding:0;margin-bottom:8px}.temperature-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 145px;gap:20px}.unit-switch{display:flex;min-height:50px}.unit-switch label{position:relative;flex:1}.unit-switch input{position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;opacity:0;cursor:pointer}.unit-switch span{display:flex;height:50px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border:1px solid #81959c}.unit-switch label+label span{border-left:0}.unit-switch input:checked+span{background:var(--ink);border-color:var(--ink);color:white}.unit-switch input:focus-visible+span{outline:3px solid var(--orange);outline-offset:4px}.choice{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:11px;min-height:44px;font-size:16px}.choice input{accent-color:var(--orange);width:20px;height:20px;margin:0;flex:none}.form-actions{display:flex;gap:14px}.form-actions>button{flex:1}.secondary{border:1px solid var(--ink);border-radius:2px;background:transparent;color:var(--ink);font:600 22px var(--display);min-height:50px;padding:12px 18px}.secondary:hover{background:var(--ice)}.form-foot{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin:18px 0 0}.unit-note{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}.unit-note:empty{display:none}
.result-panel{background:var(--ice);padding:36px 40px;min-width:0;border-left:1px solid var(--line);scroll-margin-top:24px}.result-kicker{font-size:13px;line-height:1.45;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.045em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:18px;color:var(--muted)}.result-panel h2{font-size:42px;margin-bottom:22px}.result-panel h3{font-size:24px;margin-top:26px;margin-bottom:12px}.result-reference{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;padding:14px 0;border-block:1px solid #aebfc7;margin-bottom:22px}.result-reference span{font-size:14px;max-width:190px;line-height:1.4}.result-reference strong{font:600 30px/1.1 var(--display);color:var(--orange);text-align:right}.result-panel .answer{font-size:18px;line-height:1.5}.bag-note{font-size:15px;line-height:1.55;padding-left:17px;border-left:3px solid var(--orange)}.next{margin:0;padding-left:23px}.next li{font-size:16px;line-height:1.5;padding-left:6px;margin-bottom:14px}.next li::marker{color:var(--orange);font-weight:600}.why{border-top:1px solid #aebfc7;padding-top:16px;font-size:15px;margin-top:24px}.why summary{font-weight:600;min-height:32px}.why ul{padding-left:18px;margin-bottom:0}.result-panel>.source-line{margin:20px 0 0;font-size:13px}.result-panel[data-state=error]{background:#fbede8}.error-list{font-size:17px}.inline-result{border:0;margin-block:32px}.inline-result h2{margin-top:0!important}.inline-result .source-line{margin-bottom:0}.editorial-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:64px;margin-top:40px}.editorial-grid h3{max-width:420px}.editorial-grid p{font-size:18px}.surface-section{background:#eaf0f3}.surface-section>.section{border:0}.apply-section{background:#edf2f4}.apply-section>.section{border-bottom:0}.application-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.08fr;gap:64px;align-items:start}.application-grid figure{margin-top:0}.application-grid .rate-grid{display:block}.application-grid .rate-area{max-width:300px;margin:0 auto 24px}.application-grid .rate-math strong{font-size:64px}.application-grid .rate-math{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:20px}.application-grid .rate-figure{padding:28px;background:var(--white)}
.chart-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:16px;font-size:13px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em;color:var(--muted)}.chart-top>span{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center}.chart-top svg{width:25px;height:20px;fill:none;stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:1.5}.range-chart{margin-top:34px}.range-chart ol{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.range-chart li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:320px 1fr;gap:40px;align-items:center;padding:21px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0}.range-name b{display:block;font:600 25px/1.1 var(--display);margin-bottom:5px}.range-name span{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.4;display:block}.range-track{position:relative;background:#dce4e8;height:12px}.range-track i{display:block;position:absolute;height:100%}.zone-slow{background:#8caaB7}.zone-good{background:var(--ink)}.range-track .iowa{width:3px;height:24px;top:-6px;background:var(--orange)}.range-axis{position:relative;height:40px;margin:12px 0 0 360px;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.range-axis span{position:absolute;transform:translateX(-50%)}.range-axis span:first-child{transform:none}.range-axis span:last-child{transform:translateX(-100%)}.range-key{display:flex;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.range-key span:before{content:'';display:inline-block;width:13px;height:9px;background:var(--ink);margin-right:7px}.range-key .k-slow:before{background:#8caab7}.range-key .k-iowa:before{background:var(--orange);width:3px}.melt-chart{margin-block:32px}.melt-columns,.melt-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:90px 1fr 230px;gap:24px;align-items:center}.melt-columns{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:12px}.melt-row{padding:16px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.melt-row>b{font:600 32px/1 var(--display)}.melt-bar{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 65px;gap:16px;align-items:center;min-width:0}.melt-bar-track{min-width:0}.melt-bar-track>span{display:block;height:12px;background:var(--ink);min-width:1px}.melt-bar strong{font-size:16px;white-space:nowrap}.melt-row small{font-size:15px;line-height:1.35}.melt-row.weak .melt-bar-track>span{background:#8caab7}.melt-row.weak small{color:#923e29}.rate-figure{background:var(--ice);padding:26px}.rate-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:30px;align-items:center}.rate-area>span{font:600 28px var(--display);display:block;text-align:center}.rate-area svg{width:100%;height:auto}.rate-math>p{font-size:15px;margin-bottom:8px;line-height:1.5}.rate-math>strong{font:600 62px/1 var(--display);color:var(--orange);display:block;margin:0 0 6px}.rate-math>b{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;display:block}.rate-math hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:20px 0}.sequence{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.sequence li{display:flex;gap:24px;padding:22px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:0}.step-num{font:600 46px/1 var(--display);color:var(--orange);min-width:46px}.sequence b{font:600 27px/1.1 var(--display)}.sequence p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.5;margin:7px 0 0}.dot-figure{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:32px}.dot-figure figcaption{grid-column:1/-1;margin-top:0}.measurement{padding:24px;background:var(--white);border-top:2px solid var(--ink)}.measurement h3{font-size:28px;line-height:1.15;margin-bottom:24px}.measurement h3 span{font:600 17px var(--font);color:var(--orange);margin-right:12px}.measure-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:80px 65px 1fr;gap:12px;align-items:center;margin:18px 0}.measure-row>span{font-size:16px}.measure-row>strong{font-size:18px}.measure-row>div{position:relative;height:5px;background:#d5e1e6;margin-right:5px}.measure-row i{position:absolute;top:-4px;width:13px;height:13px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--orange);transform:translateX(-50%)}.factors{margin-block:30px}.factors ul{padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:24px}.factors li{display:flex;gap:16px;padding:20px 0;margin:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.factors li>span{color:var(--orange);font-size:14px}.factors b{font-size:18px}.factors p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.5;margin:6px 0 0}.flow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);border-top:2px solid var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.flow>div{padding:22px 20px;min-width:0}.flow>div+div{border-left:1px solid var(--line)}.flow span{display:block;color:var(--orange);font-size:14px;margin-bottom:14px}.flow b{font:600 27px/1.1 var(--display);display:block}.flow p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.5;margin:10px 0 0}.label-sample{background:var(--ice);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:24px 30px}.label-sample-title{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.1em;color:var(--muted);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:16px}.label-sample>div{padding:15px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.label-sample>div:last-child{border-bottom:0}.label-sample span{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:10px}.label-sample b{font:600 30px var(--display)}.label-sample p:not(.label-sample-title){font-size:16px;line-height:1.4;margin:6px 0 0}
.directory{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.55fr;gap:70px}.directory>div>p{color:var(--muted)}.route-list>a{display:flex;gap:22px;align-items:flex-start;text-decoration:none;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:23px 0}.route-list>a:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.route-list h3{font-size:29px;margin:0 0 8px}.route-list p{font-size:16px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.45;margin:0}.route-number{color:var(--orange);font-size:14px;min-width:21px;margin-top:5px}.route-list svg{margin-top:5px;margin-left:auto;color:var(--orange)}.faq-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px 64px;margin-top:38px}.faq-grid>div{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:24px}.faq-grid h3{font-size:28px}.faq-grid p{font-size:17px;margin-bottom:0}.page-heading{padding-top:42px;padding-bottom:38px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.meta{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:28px}.meta a{color:var(--orange)}.page-heading h1{font-size:clamp(48px,6.7vw,88px);max-width:1100px;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin-bottom:26px}.page-deck{font-size:23px;line-height:1.4;max-width:850px;margin-bottom:26px}.page-heading .source-line{margin:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px;font-size:13px}.article-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,820px) 230px;gap:80px;justify-content:space-between;align-items:start;padding:40px 0 80px}.prose{min-width:0}.prose>figure:first-child{margin-top:0}.prose>h2{font-size:40px;line-height:1.1;margin:52px 0 23px;scroll-margin-top:28px;max-width:740px}.prose>p,.prose>ul,.prose>ol{max-width:760px}.prose p{font-size:19px;line-height:1.65}.prose .source-line,.prose figcaption{font-size:14px;line-height:1.55}.prose .sequence p,.prose .flow p,.prose .factors p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.5}.prose .result-panel p.answer{font-size:18px;line-height:1.5}.prose .result-panel p.bag-note{font-size:15px;line-height:1.55}.prose .result-panel .result-kicker{font-size:13px;line-height:1.5}.prose .result-panel>.source-line{font-size:13px}.prose .melt-columns,.prose .melt-row{grid-template-columns:75px 1fr 170px;gap:20px}.prose .range-chart li{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:16px}.prose .range-axis{margin-left:0}.prose .dot-figure{gap:20px}.prose .dot-figure .measure-row{grid-template-columns:70px 60px 1fr;gap:8px}.prose .dot-figure .measurement{padding:20px}.prose .dot-figure h3{font-size:26px}.toc{position:sticky;top:28px;border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:25px}.toc>p{font:600 24px var(--display);margin-bottom:20px}.toc nav{display:grid;gap:0}.toc a{font-size:15px;line-height:1.4;display:block;padding:10px 0;text-decoration:none;color:var(--muted)}.toc a:hover{color:var(--orange)}.page-cta{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:30px;margin-top:48px}.table-wrap{width:100%;margin-block:28px}table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:16px;line-height:1.5;table-layout:fixed}caption{text-align:left;font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);padding-bottom:14px}th{text-align:left;background:var(--ink);color:var(--white);font-size:14px;font-weight:600;padding:14px 16px;vertical-align:top}td{padding:16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top;overflow-wrap:anywhere}td:first-child{font-weight:600}tr:nth-child(even) td{background:#edf2f4}.reference-list li{margin-bottom:22px}.site-footer{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);padding:52px 0 24px}.footer-inner{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:40px;align-items:flex-start}.footer-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 26px;max-width:700px}.footer-links a{font-size:16px;text-decoration:none}.footer-bottom{margin-top:36px;padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid #4b6169}.footer-bottom p{max-width:850px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:#b9c8cd;margin:0}.print-source{display:none}
@media(min-width:1500px){.hero-art img{aspect-ratio:1.2}}
@media(max-width:1100px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 64px)}.desktop-nav{gap:18px}.desktop-nav a{font-size:15px}.brand{font-size:32px}.hero-grid{gap:28px}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(52px,5.6vw,72px)}.lede{font-size:20px}.actions{gap:20px}.button{font-size:21px}.readout dd{font-size:64px}.readout dt{font-size:22px}.article-layout{gap:42px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 200px}.tool-form{padding:28px}.result-panel{padding:28px}.range-chart li{grid-template-columns:280px 1fr;gap:30px}.range-axis{margin-left:310px}.application-grid{gap:40px}.directory{gap:40px;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.5fr}.dot-figure .measure-row{grid-template-columns:72px 65px 1fr}.editorial-grid{gap:40px}.footer-links{max-width:520px}}
@media(max-width:860px){.desktop-nav{display:none}.mobile-nav{display:block;position:relative;z-index:3}.mobile-nav summary{list-style:none;font:600 19px var(--display);padding:12px 16px;border:1px solid var(--ink);min-height:44px}.mobile-nav summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mobile-nav summary:after{content:' +';margin-left:12px;color:var(--orange)}.mobile-nav[open] summary:after{content:' −'}.mobile-nav nav{position:absolute;right:0;top:60px;min-width:250px;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--ink);padding:12px 20px;box-shadow:0 8px 0 #19272b12}.mobile-nav nav a{display:block;padding:12px 0;font-size:17px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-decoration:none}.mobile-nav nav a:last-child{border:0}.header-inner{min-height:78px}.hero h1{font-size:64px}.readout>div{column-gap:17px}.readout dd{font-size:56px}.readout dt{font-size:19px}.readout p{font-size:13px}.readout>div+div{padding-left:24px}.tool-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}.tool-form{padding:32px}.tool-form .reading-field{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:30px}.reading-field small{width:100%}.result-panel{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:32px}.quick-answer{grid-template-columns:1fr 1.8fr;gap:25px}.tool-form .temperature-row{max-width:420px}.article-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:32px}.toc{position:static;grid-row:1;border-left:0;border-block:1px solid var(--line);padding:18px 0}.toc>p{margin:0 0 12px}.toc nav{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0 22px}.toc a{padding:8px 0;font-size:14px}.prose{max-width:800px}.directory{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px}.directory h2 br{display:none}.application-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:30px}.range-name b{font-size:23px}.range-chart li{grid-template-columns:240px 1fr;gap:24px}.range-axis{margin-left:264px}.melt-columns,.melt-row{grid-template-columns:75px 1fr 180px;gap:18px}.footer-inner{display:block}.footer-links{max-width:100%;margin-top:35px}.footer-bottom{margin-top:24px}.section-intro{align-items:flex-start}.section-note{display:none}}
@media(max-width:760px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.hero{padding-top:34px;padding-bottom:26px}.hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(52px,9vw,68px);max-width:650px;margin-bottom:24px}.lede{font-size:20px;max-width:570px;margin-bottom:25px}.hero-art img{aspect-ratio:1.8;object-position:center 60%}.hero-art figcaption{font-size:12px}.readout{gap:24px;margin-top:25px;padding:22px 0}.readout>div{display:block}.readout>div+div{padding-left:24px}.readout dt{font-size:20px;margin-bottom:12px}.readout dd{font-size:60px;margin-bottom:12px}.readout p{font-size:14px}.section,.surface-section>.section{padding-top:55px;padding-bottom:55px}.section-intro{display:block;margin-bottom:26px}.section-intro h2{font-size:44px}.section-intro .text-link{margin-top:20px}.section-intro p{font-size:17px}.tool-section{padding:48px 0}.quick-answer{display:block;padding-top:22px}.quick-answer h3{font-size:27px;max-width:400px;margin-bottom:14px}.tool-form{padding:26px}.result-panel{padding:28px 26px}.result-panel h2{font-size:38px}.editorial-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px;margin-top:32px}.editorial-grid h3{font-size:29px;max-width:100%}.editorial-grid p{font-size:17px}.range-chart li{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:14px;padding-block:19px}.range-axis{margin-left:0;height:32px}.range-name b{font-size:25px}.range-key{gap:10px 20px}.chart-top{font-size:11px;gap:12px}.chart-top>span{gap:6px}.chart-top svg{width:18px}.dot-figure{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.measurement{padding:24px}.measure-row{grid-template-columns:80px 65px 1fr}.measurement h3{font-size:28px}.application-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px}.application-grid .rate-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:25px}.application-grid .rate-area{margin-bottom:0}.application-grid .rate-math{border:0;padding:0}.application-grid .rate-math strong{font-size:52px}.faq-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px;margin-top:28px}.page-heading{padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:26px}.meta{font-size:13px;margin-bottom:22px}.page-heading h1{font-size:clamp(45px,8vw,62px);max-width:620px}.page-deck{font-size:20px}.article-layout{padding-top:25px}.prose>h2{font-size:36px;margin-top:42px}.prose p{font-size:18px}.prose .melt-columns,.prose .melt-row,.melt-columns,.melt-row{grid-template-columns:65px 1fr;gap:10px 14px}.melt-columns>span:last-child{display:none}.melt-row small{grid-column:2;font-size:14px}.melt-row>b{font-size:29px;grid-row:1/3}.melt-bar{gap:12px}.factors ul{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0}.factors li{padding:18px 0}.flow{grid-template-columns:1fr}.flow>div+div{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.flow>div{padding:20px}.flow span{margin-bottom:8px}.flow b{font-size:26px}.rate-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.rate-area{max-width:280px;margin-inline:auto}.rate-figure{padding:22px}.rate-math>strong{font-size:52px}.label-sample{padding:20px}.table-wrap{margin-block:26px}table,tbody,tr,td{display:block}thead{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip-path:inset(50%)}caption{display:block;line-height:1.4}tr{padding:14px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}td{border:0;padding:9px 12px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:35% 1fr;gap:15px;font-size:16px}td:before{content:attr(data-label);font-size:13px;font-weight:400;color:var(--muted)}tr:nth-child(even) td{background:transparent}td:first-child{background:var(--ice)!important}.directory h2{font-size:44px}.route-list h3{font-size:28px}.route-list>a{gap:16px}.route-list p{font-size:16px}.footer-links{gap:12px 22px}.site-footer{padding-top:36px}.footer-bottom p{font-size:13px}}
@media(max-width:360px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 32px)}.brand{font-size:29px}.header-inner{gap:14px}.mobile-nav summary{padding:10px 12px}.hero h1{font-size:50px}.lede{font-size:18px}.actions{align-items:flex-start;gap:16px}.button{font-size:20px;padding:15px 18px}.readout{gap:16px}.readout>div+div{padding-left:16px}.readout dt{font-size:18px}.readout dd{font-size:54px}.readout p{font-size:12px}.section-intro h2{font-size:39px}.tool-form,.result-panel{padding:22px 18px}.temperature-row{grid-template-columns:1fr 110px;gap:12px}.field>span,legend{font-size:15px}.field input{font-size:18px}.field select{font-size:15px}.result-panel h2{font-size:34px}.result-reference{gap:12px}.result-reference strong{font-size:26px}.result-reference span{font-size:13px}.reading-field .choice{font-size:15px}.chart-top{display:block}.chart-top>span+span{margin-top:10px}.application-grid .rate-grid,.rate-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.application-grid .rate-area,.rate-area{max-width:250px;margin-inline:auto}.rate-math{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:15px}.measurement{padding:20px}.measure-row{grid-template-columns:72px 60px 1fr;gap:8px}.prose .dot-figure .measure-row{grid-template-columns:70px 60px 1fr}.sequence li{gap:18px}.step-num{min-width:35px;font-size:39px}.sequence b{font-size:25px}.melt-bar strong{font-size:15px}.directory h2{font-size:40px}.route-list>a{gap:12px}.route-list svg{width:18px}.page-heading h1{font-size:45px}.page-deck{font-size:19px}.toc nav{display:grid;gap:0}.toc a{font-size:15px}.prose>h2{font-size:34px}td{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:4px;padding:10px}.mobile-nav nav{min-width:230px}.form-actions{gap:10px}.result-reference{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column}.result-reference strong{text-align:left}}
@media(max-width:280px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 24px)}.brand{font-size:24px}.mobile-nav summary{font-size:17px}.mobile-nav nav{min-width:210px}.hero h1{font-size:43px}.readout{grid-template-columns:1fr}.readout>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:85px 1fr}.readout dt{grid-column:2}.readout dd{grid-column:1;grid-row:1/3;font-size:50px}.readout p{grid-column:2}.readout>div+div{border-left:0;padding-left:0}.tool-form,.result-panel{padding:20px 13px}.temperature-row{grid-template-columns:1fr 92px}.unit-switch span{font-size:17px}.form-actions{flex-wrap:wrap}.form-actions button{flex-basis:100%}.measure-row,.prose .dot-figure .measure-row{grid-template-columns:70px 60px 1fr}.measurement,.prose .dot-figure .measurement{padding:16px 12px}.melt-columns,.melt-row,.prose .melt-columns,.prose .melt-row{grid-template-columns:50px 1fr;gap:8px}.route-number{display:none}.page-heading h1{font-size:40px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*:before,*:after{animation:none!important;transition:none!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important}}
@media print{body{background:white;color:black;font-size:11pt}.wrap{width:100%;max-width:100%}.site-header,.site-footer,.toc,.mobile-nav,.actions,.tool-form,.page-cta{display:none}.hero-grid,.article-layout,.tool-layout,.directory{display:block}.hero h1,.page-heading h1{font-size:32pt}.hero-art{max-width:80mm}.hero-art img{aspect-ratio:auto}.section,.tool-section{padding:20px 0;background:white}.result-panel{background:white;border:1px solid #999;padding:16px}.result-panel h2{font-size:22pt}.prose p{font-size:11pt}.range-chart,.dot-figure,.rate-figure,.flow-figure{break-inside:avoid}.print-source{display:block;font-size:9pt;margin-top:20px}a{color:black;text-decoration:underline}figcaption,.source-line{color:#444;font-size:9pt}.readout dd{font-size:36pt}.page-heading{padding-top:0}.article-layout{padding-top:20px}.hero{padding-top:0}}

button:disabled{opacity:.55;cursor:wait}